Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina encompasses the overall health and well-being of the population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The country has a mixed healthcare system that includes both public and private healthcare services. The healthcare system is regulated by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and is divided into two entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska.
Healthcare System[edit | edit source]
The healthcare system in Bosnia and Herzegovina is decentralized and divided between the two entities. Each entity has its own Ministry of Health responsible for the organization and delivery of healthcare services. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has ten cantonal ministries of health, while the Republika Srpska has a centralized system.
Public Healthcare[edit | edit source]
Public healthcare is funded through compulsory health insurance contributions and is available to all citizens. Services include primary, secondary, and tertiary care. Primary care is provided by family medicine teams, while secondary and tertiary care are provided by hospitals and specialized institutions.
Private Healthcare[edit | edit source]
Private healthcare services are also available and are often used to supplement public healthcare. Private clinics and hospitals offer a range of services, including specialized treatments and diagnostic services.
Health Indicators[edit | edit source]
The health indicators in Bosnia and Herzegovina show a mixed picture. The country has made significant progress in improving health outcomes, but challenges remain.
Life Expectancy[edit | edit source]
The average life expectancy in Bosnia and Herzegovina is approximately 77 years. Women tend to live longer than men, with an average life expectancy of 80 years for women and 74 years for men.
Infant Mortality[edit | edit source]
The infant mortality rate has decreased significantly over the past few decades. As of recent data, the infant mortality rate is around 5.5 deaths per 1,000 live births.
Disease Burden[edit | edit source]
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes are the leading causes of death in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Communicable diseases, although less prevalent, still pose a risk, particularly in rural areas.
Public Health Challenges[edit | edit source]
Bosnia and Herzegovina faces several public health challenges, including:
- Non-communicable diseases: High prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes.
- Mental health: Limited access to mental health services and stigma associated with mental health issues.
- Healthcare infrastructure: Aging infrastructure and a need for modernization of healthcare facilities.
- Health workforce: Shortage of healthcare professionals, particularly in rural areas.
Health Reforms[edit | edit source]
The government has undertaken several health reforms to improve the healthcare system. These include:
- Implementation of family medicine as the cornerstone of primary care.
- Strengthening of health information systems.
- Improving access to healthcare services in rural areas.
- Enhancing the quality of healthcare services through accreditation and quality assurance programs.
See Also[edit | edit source]
- Healthcare in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Ministry of Civil Affairs (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Republika Srpska
- Non-communicable diseases
- Mental health
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
