Horizontal bony defect

Horizontal bony defect refers to a type of bone loss that occurs in a horizontal pattern, affecting the alveolar bone surrounding the teeth. This condition is most commonly associated with periodontal disease, a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and, without treatment, can destroy the bone that supports your teeth. Horizontal bony defects are characterized by an even, parallel loss of bone height around the teeth, contrasting with vertical bony defects, which involve a more irregular pattern of bone loss.

Causes

The primary cause of horizontal bony defects is the accumulation of plaque and tartar on the teeth, leading to periodontitis. Other factors that can contribute to the development of this condition include:

• Poor oral hygiene
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Genetic predisposition
• Certain medications that reduce saliva flow
• Illnesses that affect the immune system

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of horizontal bony defects typically involves a combination of a clinical examination and dental X-rays. During the examination, a dentist or periodontist will look for signs of gum inflammation and measure the depth of the periodontal pockets. X-rays help in identifying the pattern and extent of bone loss around the teeth.

Treatment

Treatment for horizontal bony defects aims to halt the progression of bone loss and, when possible, regenerate lost bone. Approaches to treatment may include:

• Improved oral hygiene practices
• Professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar
• Scaling and root planing to clean beneath the gumline
• Antibiotics to address bacterial infection
• Surgery, such as flap surgery or bone grafting, in severe cases

Prevention

Preventing horizontal bony defects involves maintaining good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, and visiting the dentist for routine check-ups and cleanings. Avoiding risk factors such as smoking can also reduce the risk of developing periodontal disease and subsequent bone loss.