Primary juvenile glaucoma

Primary juvenile glaucoma is a rare form of glaucoma that typically presents in infancy or early childhood. It is characterized by increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.

Etiology

Primary juvenile glaucoma is typically caused by a developmental defect in the eye's drainage system, specifically the trabecular meshwork. This defect prevents the normal outflow of aqueous humor, leading to increased intraocular pressure. The exact cause of this defect is not known, but it is believed to be genetic in nature.

Symptoms

The symptoms of primary juvenile glaucoma can vary depending on the age of onset. Infants may present with excessive tearing, light sensitivity, and a cloudy cornea. Older children may experience blurred vision, eye pain, and headaches.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of primary juvenile glaucoma is based on a comprehensive eye examination, including measurement of intraocular pressure, examination of the optic nerve, and visual field testing. Genetic testing may also be performed to identify any underlying genetic mutations.

Treatment

Treatment for primary juvenile glaucoma typically involves lowering the intraocular pressure to prevent further optic nerve damage. This can be achieved through medication, laser therapy, or surgery. In some cases, a combination of these treatments may be necessary.

Prognosis

With early detection and treatment, the prognosis for primary juvenile glaucoma is generally good. However, if left untreated, it can lead to permanent vision loss.

See also

• Glaucoma
• Intraocular pressure
• Optic nerve
• Aqueous humor

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