Infraorbital

Infraorbital refers to the anatomical area that is situated beneath the orbit (eye socket), primarily concerning the region just below the eye and above the cheek. This area encompasses several key anatomical structures, including the infraorbital nerve, infraorbital artery, and infraorbital vein, which play crucial roles in sensory innervation and blood supply to the midface region.

Anatomy

The infraorbital area is a critical component of the midfacial region, providing structural support and housing important neurovascular elements. The infraorbital foramen is a notable landmark in this area, serving as the exit point for the infraorbital nerve and vessels from the maxilla (upper jaw bone) to the face's surface.

Infraorbital Nerve

The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve (V2), which is itself a division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). This nerve provides sensation to the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip, and upper cheek. It travels through the infraorbital canal and exits the skull through the infraorbital foramen.

Infraorbital Artery and Vein

The infraorbital artery is a branch of the maxillary artery, supplying blood to the lower eyelid, upper lip, and cheek. The infraorbital vein parallels the artery, draining blood from the same regions back towards the heart. Both the artery and vein follow the course of the infraorbital nerve through the infraorbital canal and foramen.

Clinical Significance

The infraorbital region is of particular interest in several medical and surgical fields, including dentistry, maxillofacial surgery, and dermatology. Procedures such as infraorbital nerve blocks are commonly performed for facial surgeries or dental procedures to provide localized anesthesia.

Injuries to the infraorbital area, such as fractures of the orbital floor or maxilla, can result in infraorbital nerve damage, leading to numbness or pain in the region. Additionally, the infraorbital foramen is a critical landmark in facial surgeries, and knowledge of its location is essential to avoid damaging the infraorbital nerve and vessels.

See Also

• Orbit (anatomy)
• Maxillary nerve
• Trigeminal nerve
• Maxillary artery