Iniencephaly

Iniencephaly is a rare neural tube defect that results in extreme bending of the head to the spine. The diagnosis of iniencephaly is usually made during pregnancy or at birth.

Causes

The exact cause of iniencephaly is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with the failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal development. This condition is more common in females than in males.

Symptoms

The symptoms of iniencephaly include:

• Severe bending of the head to the spine
• Neck defects
• Brain abnormalities
• Heart defects
• Other organ abnormalities

Diagnosis

Iniencephaly can be diagnosed during pregnancy through an ultrasound examination. After birth, the diagnosis can be confirmed through a physical examination and imaging tests such as MRI or CT scan.

Treatment

There is no cure for iniencephaly and treatment is supportive. The prognosis for individuals with iniencephaly is extremely poor, and many infants with iniencephaly are stillborn or die shortly after birth.

See also

• Neural tube defect
• Anencephaly
• Spina bifida

References

Iniencephaly Resources
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