Interleukin 1 family

Interleukin 1 family is a group of 11 cytokines that plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections or sterile insults. The IL-1 family consists of seven pro-inflammatory agonists (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ), three receptor antagonists (IL-1Ra, IL-36Ra, IL-38), and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-37).

Structure and Function

Members of the IL-1 family are involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes, and hematopoiesis. The family is characterized by a similar gene structure, receptor binding, and initiating signal transduction. The IL-1 family members are recognized by their respective cell surface receptors, which belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily.

Role in Disease

The IL-1 family plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Overproduction of IL-1 can result in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis. Conversely, a lack of IL-1 activity can result in inadequate immune responses to infection.

Therapeutic Target

Due to its role in disease, the IL-1 family has become a target for therapeutic intervention. Several drugs that target IL-1 are currently in use or in development for the treatment of various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and autoinflammatory syndromes.

See Also

• Cytokine
• Interleukin
• Inflammation
• Autoimmune disease
• Sepsis