Iron-deficiency anemia

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(Redirected from Iron-deficiency anaemia)

Iron-deficiency anemia is a prevalent type of anemia that occurs when there is an insufficient amount of iron in the body. Individuals with mild to moderate iron-deficiency anemia may not exhibit any signs or symptoms, while more severe cases can lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, or chest pain.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Human blood from a case of iron deficiency anemia (Giemsa stain)

Iron-deficiency anemia typically develops gradually due to various factors:

Blood Loss[edit | edit source]

  • Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, which can result from ulcers, colon cancer, or the regular use of medications like aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
  • Certain genetic conditions such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
  • Frequent blood donation or blood tests.
  • Heavy menstrual periods.
  • Injury, surgery, or urinary tract bleeding.

Consuming Less Iron[edit | edit source]

  • Inadequate intake of iron-rich foods.

Problems Absorbing Iron[edit | edit source]

  • Digestive conditions like celiac disease or inflammatory bowel diseases.
  • Previous gastrointestinal surgeries.
  • Rare genetic conditions affecting iron absorption.

Other Medical Conditions[edit | edit source]

  • End-stage kidney failure or chronic kidney disease.
  • Inflammation from congestive heart failure or obesity.

Risk Factors[edit | edit source]

Several factors can increase the risk of developing iron-deficiency anemia:

Age[edit | edit source]

  • Infants between 6 and 12 months.
  • Children between ages 1 and 2.
  • Teens undergoing growth spurts.
  • Older adults, especially those over age 65.

Unhealthy Environments[edit | edit source]

  • Children exposed to lead.

Family History and Genetics[edit | edit source]

  • Inherited bleeding disorders like Von Willebrand disease or hemophilia.

Lifestyle Habits[edit | edit source]

  • Vegetarian or vegan eating patterns.
  • Frequent blood donation.
  • Participation in endurance activities.

Sex[edit | edit source]

  • Girls and women between the ages of 14 and 50, particularly during menstruation, pregnancy, or breastfeeding.

Screening and Prevention[edit | edit source]

Screening for iron-deficiency anemia may be recommended based on risk factors, including pregnancy. Prevention strategies may include dietary changes and managing conditions contributing to iron deficiency.

Blood Tests[edit | edit source]

Routine blood tests like complete blood count (CBC) can detect anemia, while further tests may be necessary to identify the underlying cause.

Prevention Strategies[edit | edit source]

Consuming iron-rich foods and increasing vitamin C intake can aid iron absorption. Delayed clamping of the newborn's umbilical cord may prevent anemia in infants.

Signs, Symptoms, and Complications[edit | edit source]

Iron-deficiency anemia can vary in severity, with symptoms worsening as the condition progresses. Complications may arise if left untreated.

Signs and Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Common signs include brittle nails, pale skin, and spooning of the nails, while symptoms range from fatigue to irregular heartbeat.

Complications[edit | edit source]

Untreated anemia can lead to heart problems, increased infection risk, and developmental delays in children.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosing iron-deficiency anemia involves physical exams, blood tests, and potentially, tests for gastrointestinal bleeding.

Physical Exam[edit | edit source]

Doctors may check for signs like pale skin, brittle nails, or irregular heartbeats.

Blood Tests[edit | edit source]

Tests like CBC, iron levels, and ferritin levels help diagnose anemia and determine its severity.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment options depend on the cause and severity of the anemia and may include iron supplements, intravenous iron therapy, or blood transfusions.

Iron Supplements[edit | edit source]

Oral iron supplements are commonly prescribed to replenish iron levels.

Procedures[edit | edit source]

In severe cases, intravenous iron therapy or blood transfusions may be necessary.

Healthy Lifestyle Changes[edit | edit source]

Adopting a balanced diet rich in iron and vitamin C can aid in treatment.

Other Treatments[edit | edit source]

Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) may be recommended for individuals with chronic kidney disease.

Living With[edit | edit source]

Following the treatment plan, monitoring symptoms, and preventing complications are essential aspects of managing iron-deficiency anemia.

Follow Your Treatment Plan[edit | edit source]

Adhering to prescribed treatments and reporting any side effects to your doctor is crucial.

Monitor Your Condition[edit | edit source]

Regular check-ups and monitoring of symptoms can help track progress.

Prevent Complications[edit | edit source]

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing underlying conditions can prevent complications.

Learn Warning Signs[edit | edit source]

Being aware of symptoms worsening can prompt timely medical attention.

Learn Precautions[edit | edit source]

Understanding precautions for activities and medication interactions is important for safety.

See also[edit | edit source]

Iron-deficiency anemia Resources
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD