Irukandji syndrome

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Irukandji syndrome
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Severe pain, nausea, vomiting, sweating, anxiety, hypertension, tachycardia
Complications	Pulmonary edema, heart failure, intracerebral hemorrhage
Onset	5–45 minutes after sting
Duration	Hours to days
Types	N/A
Causes	Irukandji jellyfish sting
Risks	Swimming in tropical waters of Australia
Diagnosis	Clinical evaluation, history of jellyfish exposure
Differential diagnosis	Box jellyfish sting, other marine envenomations
Prevention	Avoidance of jellyfish habitats, protective clothing
Treatment	Analgesics, antihypertensives, supportive care
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment, but can be severe
Frequency	Unknown, rare
Deaths	N/A

Irukandji syndrome is a condition induced by venomization from certain species of jellyfish. The syndrome is named after the Irukandji people of North Australia, where the syndrome is most commonly encountered.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Irukandji syndrome include severe pain, nausea, vomiting, sweating, anxiety, hypertension, and occasionally heart failure and pulmonary edema. Symptoms usually appear 5 to 45 minutes after the sting, but can sometimes be delayed for several hours.

Causes

Irukandji syndrome is caused by the venom of certain species of jellyfish, most notably Carukia barnesi and Malo kingi. The venom is delivered through the jellyfish's tentacles, which can fire venomous stingers into the skin of a person who comes into contact with them.

Treatment

Treatment for Irukandji syndrome primarily involves managing the symptoms. Pain relief is often necessary, and may be achieved with opioids. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required. Antivenom is not typically used, as it has not been shown to be effective.

Prevention

Prevention of Irukandji syndrome involves avoiding areas where the jellyfish are known to be present, particularly during jellyfish season. Wearing protective clothing while swimming can also help to prevent stings.

See also

• Jellyfish sting
• Marine envenomation