Jain

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The Jain symbol

Abbreviation
Type	Dharmic
Classification
Orientation
Scripture	Agamas
Theology
Polity
Governance
Structure
Moderator

Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that emphasizes non-violence, truth, and asceticism. It is one of the oldest religions in the world, with roots tracing back to the Indus Valley Civilization. Jainism is a minority religion in India but has a significant influence on Indian culture and philosophy.

History

Jainism's origins are shrouded in antiquity, but it is traditionally believed to have been founded by Rishabhanatha, the first of the 24 Tirthankaras. The last Tirthankara, Mahavira, is considered the historical founder of Jainism. He lived in the 6th century BCE and was a contemporary of Gautama Buddha.

Core Beliefs

Jainism is centered around the principles of non-violence (ahimsa), non-possessiveness (aparigraha), and many-sided reality (anekantavada). Jains believe in the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara) and the liberation of the soul (moksha) through ethical living and self-discipline.

Ahimsa

Ahimsa, or non-violence, is the most fundamental principle of Jainism. Jains practice strict vegetarianism and avoid harm to all living beings, including insects and microorganisms.

Aparigraha

Aparigraha refers to non-attachment to material possessions. Jains believe that attachment leads to bondage and suffering, and thus practice detachment and simplicity.

Anekantavada

Anekantavada is the doctrine of multiple viewpoints. It suggests that truth and reality are complex and can be understood from different perspectives.

Practices

Jain practices include meditation, fasting, and rituals. Jains often engage in daily prayers and recitations of sacred texts. The practice of Sallekhana, a voluntary and gradual reduction of food and drink, is considered a noble way to die.

Scriptures

The sacred texts of Jainism are known as the Agamas. These texts are written in Prakrit and Sanskrit and contain the teachings of the Tirthankaras.

Sects

Jainism is divided into two major sects: Digambara and Svetambara. The Digambaras believe that monks should not wear clothes, while the Svetambaras allow white robes.

Influence

Jainism has significantly influenced Indian culture, art, and philosophy. Its emphasis on non-violence has inspired many leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi.

Also see

• Tirthankara
• Mahavira
• Ahimsa
• Samsara
• Moksha
• Digambara
• Svetambara