James W. Watts

File:Turning the Mind Inside Out Saturday Evening Post 24 May 1941 a detail 1.jpg

Turning the Mind Inside Out Saturday Evening Post 24 May 1941 a detail 1

James W. Watts was an American neurosurgeon known for his work in the field of psychosurgery. He is most famous for his collaboration with Walter Freeman in developing and popularizing the lobotomy procedure in the United States during the mid-20th century.

Early Life and Education

James W. Watts was born in Lynchburg, Virginia. He pursued his medical education at the University of Virginia and later specialized in neurosurgery. His interest in the human brain and its functions led him to explore various surgical techniques aimed at treating mental illnesses.

Career

Watts began his career as a neurosurgeon and soon became involved in the emerging field of psychosurgery. In the 1930s, he partnered with Walter Freeman, a neurologist and psychiatrist, to develop surgical treatments for severe mental disorders. Together, they performed the first prefrontal lobotomy in the United States in 1936.

Lobotomy Procedure

The lobotomy procedure, also known as leucotomy, involved severing connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex. Watts and Freeman believed that this procedure could alleviate symptoms of severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The procedure gained popularity in the 1940s and 1950s, despite its controversial nature and the significant risks involved.

Later Years

As the field of psychiatry advanced and new treatments such as antipsychotic medications were developed, the use of lobotomy declined. Watts eventually distanced himself from the procedure and focused on other aspects of neurosurgery. He continued to practice and teach until his retirement.

Legacy

James W. Watts' contributions to the field of neurosurgery and psychosurgery are significant, though controversial. The lobotomy procedure he helped develop has been largely discredited due to its severe side effects and ethical concerns. However, his work played a crucial role in the history of psychiatric treatment and the development of modern neuroscience.

See Also

• Walter Freeman (neuroscientist)
• Lobotomy
• Psychosurgery
• Neurosurgery
• Psychiatry

External Links

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