Kayser–Fleischer ring

Kayser–Fleischer ring is a medical sign observed in certain diseases, most notably Wilson's disease. It is named after the two physicians, Bernhard Kayser and Bruno Fleischer, who first described it in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Description

The Kayser–Fleischer ring is a dark ring that appears to encircle the iris of the eye. It is caused by the accumulation of copper in the Descemet's membrane, a part of the cornea. The ring is usually golden or greenish-brown in color, and can be seen on examination with a slit lamp.

Associated conditions

The most common condition associated with Kayser–Fleischer rings is Wilson's disease, a rare inherited disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the liver, brain, and other vital organs. However, they can also occur in other conditions that cause copper accumulation, such as primary biliary cirrhosis and cryptogenic cirrhosis.

Diagnosis

The presence of Kayser–Fleischer rings can aid in the diagnosis of Wilson's disease, especially when accompanied by neurological symptoms or signs of liver disease. However, their absence does not rule out the disease. Other diagnostic tests, such as serum and urine copper levels, liver biopsy, and genetic testing, may also be used.

Treatment

Treatment of Kayser–Fleischer rings involves treating the underlying condition causing copper accumulation. In the case of Wilson's disease, this may involve medications to reduce copper levels, dietary changes, and in severe cases, liver transplantation.

See also

• Wilson's disease
• Copper metabolism
• Descemet's membrane