Kerosene poisoning

Kerosene Poisoning

Kerosene poisoning occurs when kerosene, a hydrocarbon liquid commonly used as a fuel for lighting, heating, and cooking, is ingested, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin. Due to its widespread availability and use in households, especially in developing countries, kerosene poisoning is a significant public health concern. It primarily affects children, who may accidentally ingest it due to its sometimes misleading storage in non-labeled or beverage containers.

Symptoms

The symptoms of kerosene poisoning vary depending on the route of exposure. Ingestion can lead to immediate vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Inhalation of kerosene vapors can cause respiratory distress, coughing, and pneumonitis. Skin contact may result in dermatitis or burns. Severe cases of kerosene poisoning can lead to central nervous system depression, pulmonary aspiration, chemical pneumonitis, and even death.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of kerosene poisoning is primarily based on the history of exposure and the presenting symptoms. Laboratory tests may be conducted to confirm the diagnosis, including blood and urine analysis to detect hydrocarbons. Imaging studies, such as chest X-rays, are useful in assessing pulmonary involvement.

Treatment

Treatment for kerosene poisoning focuses on supportive care and managing symptoms. In cases of ingestion, inducing vomiting is not recommended due to the risk of aspiration into the lungs. Instead, medical professionals may administer activated charcoal to prevent further absorption of the hydrocarbon into the body. Breathing support, including oxygen or mechanical ventilation, may be necessary for patients experiencing respiratory distress. Skin exposure requires thorough washing with soap and water.

Prevention

Prevention of kerosene poisoning involves safe storage and handling practices. Kerosene should be stored in clearly labeled, child-resistant containers and kept out of reach of children. Public health initiatives aimed at educating communities about the dangers of kerosene and promoting the use of safer alternatives for lighting and heating can also reduce the incidence of poisoning.

See Also

• Poisoning
• Hydrocarbon Poisoning
• Child Safety