Kinase insert domain receptor

Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor. KDR is a type of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.

Structure

The KDR protein is a transmembrane receptor composed of seven immunoglobulin-like domains in the extracellular domain, a single transmembrane spanning region, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain split by a kinase-insert domain. The kinase insert domain is unique to KDR and other related receptors, hence the name "kinase insert domain receptor".

Function

KDR is a key mediator of VEGF-induced endothelial proliferation, survival, and migration and tubulogenesis. It is also a cellular receptor for macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) which upon binding induces its dimerization and autophosphorylation.

Clinical significance

Mutations in KDR gene are associated with infantile capillary hemangiomas. In addition, KDR/VEGFR-2 is a major target for anti-angiogenic drug therapy in cancer treatment.

See also

• VEGF receptors
• Receptor tyrosine kinase
• Angiogenesis
• Vasculogenesis