Koro (medicine)

Koro is a culture-bound syndrome predominantly found in Southeast Asia, characterized by an overpowering belief that one's genitalia are retracting and will disappear, despite the lack of any true longstanding changes to the genitals. Koro is also known as shook yang, suk-yeong, shuk yang, kio, or rok-joo in different regions of Southeast Asia.

Etymology

The term "koro" is derived from a Malay word, meaning "head of a turtle". This is a reference to the syndrome's main symptom, the belief that the penis is retracting into the body.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of koro is the belief that the genitals are retracting into the body. In men, this is a fear of penile retraction; in women, it is a fear of nipple retraction. This fear is often accompanied by a wide array of physical symptoms, such as a tingling sensation, palpitations, and feelings of impending death.

Causes

The exact cause of koro is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to cultural beliefs, particularly those pertaining to sexuality and the body. Some researchers have suggested that koro may be related to sexual conflict or guilt, or that it may be a form of body dysmorphic disorder.

Treatment

Treatment for koro typically involves psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This form of therapy helps patients to understand and change thought patterns that lead to harmful behaviors or feelings of distress. In some cases, antidepressant or anti-anxiety medications may also be used.

Epidemiology

Koro is most commonly reported in Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysia and Indonesia. However, cases have also been reported in other parts of the world, including China, India, and even Europe and North America. Koro is more common in men than in women, and it often occurs in a mass hysteria context, where multiple people in a community begin to believe they have the condition.

See also

• Culture-bound syndrome
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Genital retraction syndrome
• Mass hysteria