Krukenberg's spindle

Cornea showing Krukenberg's Spindle

Krukenberg's Spindle refers to a specific eye condition characterized by the vertical, spindle-shaped deposit of pigment on the cornea. This condition is most commonly associated with Pigmentary Glaucoma, a type of glaucoma that results from the dispersion of pigment granules within the eye. These granules can block the eye's drainage angles, leading to increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which, if left untreated, can cause optic nerve damage and potentially lead to vision loss.

Causes and Pathophysiology

Krukenberg's Spindle is primarily caused by the dispersion of pigment granules from the iris. This dispersion can occur due to various reasons, including physical activities that jostle the eye, certain medications, or underlying eye conditions. The pigment granules then deposit on different structures within the eye, including the cornea, where they form the characteristic spindle shape.

The exact mechanism behind the formation of Krukenberg's Spindle is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the circulation of aqueous humor within the eye. As the aqueous humor flows, it carries the pigment granules, which then settle on the posterior surface of the cornea due to gravitational forces.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

In many cases, Krukenberg's Spindle is asymptomatic and may be discovered incidentally during a routine eye examination. However, if the pigment dispersion leads to increased IOP and glaucoma, symptoms may include blurred vision, halos around lights, eye pain, and headache.

Diagnosis of Krukenberg's Spindle involves a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity tests, measurement of IOP, and a detailed examination of the eye's anterior segment using a slit lamp. The presence of the spindle-shaped pigment deposit on the cornea is a key diagnostic feature.

Treatment

Treatment of Krukenberg's Spindle focuses on managing the underlying cause, such as controlling the IOP in cases of pigmentary glaucoma. This may involve the use of medications, laser therapy, or surgery to enhance aqueous humor drainage and reduce IOP.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Krukenberg's Spindle depends on the extent of pigment dispersion and the development of glaucoma. With early detection and appropriate management of increased IOP, vision loss can often be prevented or minimized.

See Also

• Glaucoma
• Cornea
• Iris
• Intraocular pressure