Labor dystocia

Labor dystocia is a medical condition that occurs during childbirth. It is characterized by an abnormally slow or protracted labor. In some cases, labor may not progress at all. This condition can occur during any stage of labor, but it is most common during the active phase. Labor dystocia can pose risks to both the mother and the baby, and it is one of the most common reasons for cesarean section deliveries.

Causes

Labor dystocia can be caused by a variety of factors. These can be grouped into three categories, known as the "Three P's":

• Powers: This refers to the strength, frequency, and duration of the mother's contractions. If the contractions are not strong or frequent enough, labor may not progress as it should.
• Passage: This refers to the mother's pelvis and birth canal. If the pelvis is too small or the birth canal is blocked in some way, the baby may not be able to pass through.
• Passenger: This refers to the baby. If the baby is too large, in an abnormal position, or there are multiple babies, labor may be difficult.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of labor dystocia is based on the progress of labor over time. If the cervix is not dilating at the expected rate, or if the descent of the baby through the birth canal is slower than expected, labor dystocia may be diagnosed. Other signs can include prolonged labor or a labor that stops progressing.

Treatment

Treatment for labor dystocia depends on the cause. If the issue is with the powers, oxytocin may be administered to strengthen contractions. If the issue is with the passage, a cesarean section may be necessary. If the issue is with the passenger, the baby may need to be repositioned, or a cesarean section may be necessary.

Risks

Labor dystocia can pose risks to both the mother and the baby. For the mother, these risks can include exhaustion, infection, and injury to the birth canal. For the baby, risks can include fetal distress, low oxygen levels, and injury during birth.

See also

• Childbirth
• Cesarean section
• Oxytocin