Large B-cell diffuse lymphoma

Large B-cell diffuse lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in adults, accounting for approximately 30-40% of all cases. It is a fast-growing, aggressive form of lymphoma that originates in the lymphocyte cells of the immune system.

Overview

DLBCL can occur at any age, but it is most commonly diagnosed in people aged 60 and older. It can develop in the lymph nodes, but it can also occur in other parts of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, testes, thyroid, skin, brain, bone, or breast. The cause of DLBCL is not well understood, but it is thought to involve genetic mutations that cause lymphocytes to grow and divide uncontrollably.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of DLBCL is a painless swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin, which is caused by enlarged lymph nodes. Other symptoms can include fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and a feeling of fullness in the abdomen.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of DLBCL is usually confirmed by a biopsy of an enlarged lymph node. Other tests that may be used to diagnose DLBCL include blood tests, imaging tests such as CT scan or PET scan, and a bone marrow biopsy.

Treatment

The standard treatment for DLBCL is a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, known as R-CHOP. This regimen includes the drugs rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. In some cases, radiation therapy may also be used.

Prognosis

The prognosis for DLBCL varies widely, depending on the stage of the disease, the patient's age and overall health, and the specific genetic characteristics of the lymphoma. With appropriate treatment, more than half of people with DLBCL can be cured.

See also

• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Lymphoma
• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy