Laryngeal dystonia

Laryngeal dystonia, also known as Spasmodic dysphonia, is a neurological disorder that affects the larynx (voice box). This condition causes involuntary movements or spasms of the muscles in the larynx during speech.

Causes

The exact cause of laryngeal dystonia is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to a problem in the basal ganglia, a part of the brain that is responsible for controlling muscle movements. Some researchers believe that it may be caused by a mutation in a gene, while others believe it may be triggered by stress or trauma.

Symptoms

The symptoms of laryngeal dystonia can vary from person to person. They may include a tight, strained voice, a breathy or whispery voice, or a voice that breaks or cuts out. Some people may also experience difficulty swallowing or breathing.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of laryngeal dystonia is typically made by a neurologist or an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor). The doctor will usually perform a physical examination and may also order tests such as a laryngoscopy or electromyography.

Treatment

Treatment for laryngeal dystonia may include speech therapy, medications, and in some cases, surgery. The most common treatment is injections of botulinum toxin into the affected muscles of the larynx. This helps to reduce the muscle spasms and improve voice quality.

Prognosis

While there is currently no cure for laryngeal dystonia, treatments can help to manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. The prognosis for individuals with this condition can vary depending on the severity of the symptoms and the individual's response to treatment.

See also

• Dystonia
• Neurological disorders
• Basal ganglia
• Botulinum toxin