Lateral plate mesoderm

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Lateral plate mesoderm

The lateral plate mesoderm is a component of the mesoderm, one of the three primary germ layers in the early embryo. It plays a crucial role in the development of the circulatory system, limbs, and the body wall.

Structure

The lateral plate mesoderm is divided into two layers:

• The somatic mesoderm (or parietal mesoderm)
• The splanchnic mesoderm (or visceral mesoderm)

These two layers are separated by the intraembryonic coelom, which eventually forms the body cavities such as the pericardial cavity, pleural cavity, and peritoneal cavity.

Development

During gastrulation, cells from the epiblast migrate to form the mesoderm. The lateral plate mesoderm is positioned laterally to the paraxial mesoderm and intermediate mesoderm. As development progresses, the lateral plate mesoderm splits into the somatic and splanchnic layers.

Functions

The lateral plate mesoderm is essential for the formation of several structures:

• The somatic mesoderm contributes to the formation of the limb buds, dermis of the skin, and the serous membranes lining the body cavities.
• The splanchnic mesoderm gives rise to the heart, blood vessels, and the smooth muscle and connective tissues of the gut.

Clinical Significance

Abnormal development of the lateral plate mesoderm can lead to congenital anomalies such as limb defects, cardiovascular malformations, and body wall defects.

Related Pages

• Mesoderm
• Gastrulation
• Somatic mesoderm
• Splanchnic mesoderm
• Intraembryonic coelom
• Paraxial mesoderm
• Intermediate mesoderm