Lateral ventricle

Lateral ventricle

The lateral ventricles are two structures, shaped like a 'C', located within the brain. They are part of the ventricular system in the brain, which is responsible for the production, transport, and removal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The lateral ventricles are the largest of the ventricles and they are located in the cerebral hemispheres.

Structure

The lateral ventricles are divided into a central body and three extensions, or 'horns': the anterior horn, the posterior horn, and the inferior horn. The central body of the lateral ventricle is located in the parietal lobe, while the horns extend into other parts of the cerebral hemisphere.

Anterior horn

The anterior horn of the lateral ventricle extends into the frontal lobe. It is bordered by several important structures, including the caudate nucleus and the internal capsule.

Posterior horn

The posterior horn of the lateral ventricle extends into the occipital lobe. It is bordered by the calcar avis, a ridge caused by the underlying calcarine sulcus.

Inferior horn

The inferior horn of the lateral ventricle extends into the temporal lobe. It is bordered by the hippocampus and the amygdala, two structures important for memory and emotion, respectively.

Function

The lateral ventricles, like the rest of the ventricular system, are filled with cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid is produced by the choroid plexus, a network of cells located within the ventricles. The CSF provides several important functions, including cushioning the brain against impacts, providing nutrients to the brain, and removing waste products.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities of the lateral ventricles can lead to several medical conditions. For example, hydrocephalus is a condition where there is an excessive amount of CSF in the ventricles, causing them to enlarge and put pressure on the brain. This can lead to symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and cognitive difficulties.

Lateral ventricle Resources
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