Leonine facies
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| Leonine facies | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Lion-like face |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Thickened facial skin, prominent facial folds |
| Complications | Blindness, nerve damage |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Leprosy, Paget's disease of bone, amyloidosis, leontiasis ossea |
| Risks | Hansen's disease exposure |
| Diagnosis | Clinical examination, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Acromegaly, scleroderma, neurofibromatosis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Depends on underlying cause (e.g., antibiotics for leprosy) |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depending on cause |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Leonine facies is a term used in medicine to describe a lion-like appearance of the face caused by various medical conditions. The term is derived from the Latin word "leoninus," which means "lion-like."
Causes[edit | edit source]
Leonine facies can be caused by several medical conditions, including leprosy, sarcoidosis, and leishmaniasis. It can also be a symptom of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that causes rapid aging in children.
Leprosy[edit | edit source]
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, but can also affect the eyes and respiratory tract. In severe cases, leprosy can cause thickening of the skin on the face, giving it a lion-like appearance.
Sarcoidosis[edit | edit source]
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs in the body, but most commonly affects the lungs and lymph glands. In some cases, sarcoidosis can cause skin lesions that result in leonine facies.
Leishmaniasis[edit | edit source]
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sand flies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, the most common form of the disease, can cause skin lesions that result in leonine facies.
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome[edit | edit source]
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by rapid aging in children. One of the symptoms of this syndrome can be leonine facies.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for leonine facies involves treating the underlying condition causing the symptom. This may involve antibiotics for leprosy, corticosteroids for sarcoidosis, antiparasitic drugs for leishmaniasis, or a combination of therapies for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
See also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
