Leucovorin calcium

Leucovorin calcium

Leucovorin calcium, also known as folinic acid, is a medication used to decrease the toxic effects of methotrexate and to treat folic acid deficiency. It is a form of folate (vitamin B9) and is used in various medical treatments, including as an antidote to certain types of chemotherapy.

Medical Uses

Leucovorin calcium is primarily used in the following contexts:

• As a rescue agent after high-dose methotrexate therapy in the treatment of cancer.
• To treat megaloblastic anemia due to folic acid deficiency when oral therapy is not feasible.
• In combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to enhance its effectiveness in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Mechanism of Action

Leucovorin calcium works by bypassing the blockage of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase caused by methotrexate. This allows for the continued synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, which are necessary for DNA replication and cell division. In the case of 5-FU, leucovorin enhances the binding of 5-FU to the enzyme thymidylate synthase, increasing its cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.

Administration

Leucovorin calcium can be administered orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously. The route of administration depends on the clinical situation and the specific needs of the patient.

Side Effects

Common side effects of leucovorin calcium include:

• Allergic reactions
• Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue

Precautions

Patients receiving leucovorin calcium should be monitored for potential interactions with other medications, particularly those that affect folate metabolism. It is also important to adjust the dosage based on the patient's renal function and overall health status.

Related Pages

• Methotrexate
• Folic acid
• 5-fluorouracil
• Colorectal cancer
• Megaloblastic anemia
• Dihydrofolate reductase
• Thymidylate synthase