List of London boroughs

London-boroughs

London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. It is divided into 32 London boroughs, each governed by a London Borough Council. These boroughs are modern administrative units established in 1965 when Greater London was created from parts of the counties of Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, Essex, and from the City of London, which is not a borough but a separate entity. The London boroughs are a key part of London's local government structure, providing a wide range of services from education to waste management.

List of London Boroughs

Below is a list of the 32 London boroughs, including the City of London, which, while not a borough, is included for completeness.

Inner London

1. City of London (not a London borough) 2. Camden 3. Greenwich 4. Hackney 5. Hammersmith and Fulham 6. Islington 7. Kensington and Chelsea 8. Lambeth 9. Lewisham 10. Southwark 11. Tower Hamlets 12. Wandsworth 13. Westminster

Outer London

14. Barking and Dagenham 15. Barnet 16. Bexley 17. Brent 18. Bromley 19. Croydon 20. Ealing 21. Enfield 22. Haringey 23. Harrow 24. Havering 25. Hillingdon 26. Hounslow 27. Kingston upon Thames 28. Merton 29. Newham 30. Redbridge 31. Richmond upon Thames 32. Sutton 33. Waltham Forest

Each borough has its own governance and responsibilities, including education, housing, planning, highways, social services, libraries, recreation, waste management, and aspects of health services. The Greater London Authority, consisting of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly, oversees city-wide functions such as policing, fire and emergency planning, transport, and economic development.

Governance

The governance of London involves the Mayor of London, the London Assembly, and the individual borough councils. The Mayor of London is responsible for city-wide policies and strategies, while the London Assembly scrutinizes the Mayor's decisions. Each borough council is responsible for local services and policies within their area.

Economy

London's economy is one of the largest in the world, with strengths in finance, professional services, media, entertainment, technology, and tourism. Each borough contributes to the city's economy, with areas like the City of London and Westminster being particularly significant for finance and government.

Culture and Community

London is known for its cultural diversity, with communities from around the world contributing to the city's vibrant culture. Each borough has its own unique identity and cultural offerings, from the museums of South Kensington to the markets of Camden and the green spaces of Richmond.

Transport

Transport in London is overseen by Transport for London (TfL), which is responsible for the London Underground, buses, railways, trams, roads, and cycling infrastructure. The transport network connects all boroughs, facilitating movement across the city for residents, commuters, and visitors.

Challenges

London faces several challenges, including housing affordability, congestion, pollution, and social inequality. The boroughs play a crucial role in addressing these issues, working in partnership with the Greater London Authority and other stakeholders.