Lithium toxicity

Lithium toxicity is a medical condition characterized by an elevated level of lithium in the body. Lithium is a medication primarily used to treat bipolar disorder, but it can become toxic if the concentration in the body becomes too high.

Causes

Lithium toxicity can occur as a result of excessive intake of lithium, either accidentally or intentionally. It can also occur if the body's ability to excrete lithium is impaired, which can happen in conditions such as kidney disease or dehydration. Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and diuretics, can also increase the risk of lithium toxicity.

Symptoms

Symptoms of lithium toxicity can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild toxicity can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. More severe toxicity can lead to confusion, agitation, muscle weakness, and in extreme cases, seizures or coma.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lithium toxicity involves a medical history and physical examination, as well as blood tests to measure the level of lithium in the body. Other tests may be done to assess the function of the kidneys and the electrolyte balance in the body.

Treatment

Treatment for lithium toxicity typically involves discontinuing the use of lithium and providing supportive care, such as rehydration and monitoring of vital signs. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required and treatments such as hemodialysis may be used to remove lithium from the body.

Prevention

Prevention of lithium toxicity involves careful monitoring of lithium levels in the body, especially in individuals who have conditions or are taking medications that can increase the risk of toxicity. Regular blood tests and medical follow-ups are important for individuals taking lithium.