Lordosis

Lordosis refers to the inward curvature of the spine. While a certain degree of lordosis is normal and necessary for maintaining the spine's natural alignment, excessive curvature can lead to postural problems and discomfort. This article discusses both the normal curvature as well as the condition commonly referred to as "lordosis," where there is an exaggerated inward spinal curve.

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Vertebral column disorders - Lordosis -- Smart-Servier

Anatomy and Normal Curvature

The human spine has a series of natural curves that help with weight distribution and balance. In the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions, the spine normally curves inward, and this inward curvature is referred to as lordosis. The thoracic (mid-back) and sacral (pelvic) regions, in contrast, have an outward curvature called kyphosis.

Pathological Lordosis

When the inward curve is exaggerated, it is often referred to as hyperlordosis or "swayback." This condition can affect both the lumbar and cervical regions of the spine.

Causes

• Several factors can contribute to the development of hyperlordosis:
• Muscle Imbalance: Weak abdominal muscles and tight hip flexors or lower back muscles can contribute to excessive lumbar lordosis.
• Obesity: Excess abdominal weight can pull the spine forward, increasing the lumbar curve.
• Osteoporosis: A weakening of the bones can change the spine's structure and lead to hyperlordosis.
• Spondylolisthesis: A condition where a vertebra slips forward over the one below it.
• Poor Posture: Habitual poor posture can lead to or exacerbate hyperlordosis.
• Congenital Conditions: Certain congenital spinal conditions can cause an exaggerated curvature.

Symptoms

• Symptoms of hyperlordosis can include:
• An exaggerated curve of the spine
• Back pain or discomfort
• Limited range of motion in the spine
• The appearance of a protruding abdomen or buttocks

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hyperlordosis typically involves a physical examination and medical history review. The physician will examine the curvature of the spine and may ask the patient to perform specific movements. Imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI can help assess the severity of the curve and identify underlying causes.

Treatment

• Treatment for hyperlordosis depends on the severity and underlying cause:
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the abdominal muscles and stretch tight muscles can help improve posture and alleviate symptoms.
• Medication: Pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications can help manage pain associated with hyperlordosis.
• Weight Management: For individuals with obesity, weight loss may reduce the stress on the spine and improve the condition.
• Bracing: In some cases, especially for children and adolescents, bracing may be used to help correct the curvature.
• Surgery: In severe cases or when there are underlying structural abnormalities, surgery may be necessary.

Conclusion

While lordosis is a normal part of spinal anatomy, excessive curvature can be problematic. Addressing the underlying causes, maintaining good posture, and engaging in exercises that promote a balanced musculature are crucial in managing and preventing hyperlordosis.

See Also

• Kyphosis
• Scoliosis
• Spine
• Physical therapy

References

Lordosis Resources
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