Luteoma

A rare ovarian tumor associated with pregnancy

Luteoma

A luteoma is a rare, non-cancerous ovarian tumor that occurs during pregnancy. It is characterized by the proliferation of luteinized stromal cells in the ovary, leading to the formation of a mass. Luteomas are typically benign and resolve spontaneously after childbirth.

Luteoma of pregnancy as seen in a histological section.

Pathophysiology

Luteomas arise due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, particularly the increased levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The elevated hCG stimulates the ovarian stroma, causing the cells to luteinize and form a tumor-like mass. These tumors are usually unilateral and can vary in size.

Clinical Presentation

Most luteomas are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during imaging studies or at the time of cesarean section. However, some patients may present with symptoms such as abdominal pain or a palpable mass. In rare cases, luteomas can produce androgens, leading to virilization in the mother or fetus.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a luteoma is often made through ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can reveal a solid ovarian mass. Definitive diagnosis is usually confirmed by histological examination after surgical removal or biopsy.

Management

Luteomas generally do not require treatment as they tend to regress after delivery. Surgical intervention may be considered if there is uncertainty in diagnosis or if the mass causes significant symptoms.

Prognosis

The prognosis for luteomas is excellent, as they are benign and self-limiting. They typically resolve within a few weeks to months postpartum.

Related pages

• Ovarian tumor
• Pregnancy
• Hormonal changes in pregnancy