Medial patellofemoral ligament

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament

The Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) is a critical structure in the knee joint, primarily responsible for stabilizing the patella (kneecap) and preventing its lateral displacement. It is a part of the complex network of ligaments and tendons that ensure the proper functioning of the knee.

Anatomy

The MPFL is a band of connective tissue that extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial aspect of the patella. It is one of the primary stabilizers of the patella, especially during the initial 20-30 degrees of knee flexion. The ligament works in conjunction with other structures such as the quadriceps tendon, the patellar tendon, and the lateral patellofemoral ligament to maintain patellar alignment.

Function

The primary function of the MPFL is to prevent the lateral displacement of the patella. It acts as a restraint against lateral forces that can cause the patella to dislocate. This is particularly important during activities that involve knee flexion and extension, such as walking, running, and jumping.

Injury and Treatment

Injuries to the MPFL are common in athletes and can occur due to direct trauma or sudden twisting motions of the knee. A common injury associated with the MPFL is a patellar dislocation, where the patella moves out of its normal position. Symptoms of an MPFL injury include pain, swelling, and a feeling of instability in the knee.

Treatment for MPFL injuries can vary depending on the severity of the injury. Non-surgical options include rest, physical therapy, and the use of knee braces. In cases where the ligament is severely damaged, surgical reconstruction may be necessary. This involves using a graft to replace the damaged ligament and restore stability to the knee.

Surgical Reconstruction

MPFL reconstruction is a surgical procedure aimed at restoring the stability of the patella. The procedure typically involves the use of a graft, which can be taken from the patient's own tissue (autograft) or from a donor (allograft). The graft is then anchored to the femur and patella to recreate the function of the original ligament. Post-surgery rehabilitation is crucial for a successful recovery and includes physical therapy to restore strength and mobility to the knee.

Related Conditions

• Patellar dislocation
• Patellofemoral pain syndrome
• Knee ligament injuries

See Also

• Knee joint
• Ligament
• Orthopedic surgery