Melatonin receptor 1C

Melatonin receptor 1C (MT1C) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the gene MTNR1C. It is one of the receptors for melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland that plays a key role in regulating the circadian rhythm and the body's natural sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin receptors are part of a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are involved in transmitting chemical signals across cell membranes.

Function[edit | edit source]

The MT1C receptor, like other melatonin receptors such as MT1A and MT1B, is involved in mediating the physiological effects of melatonin. These effects include modulation of sleep, regulation of endocrine rhythms, and possibly the modulation of mood and immune system functions. The specific role and expression pattern of MT1C in humans remain less understood compared to MT1A and MT1B, partly due to its relatively recent discovery and the complexity of melatonin's action in the human body.

Gene[edit | edit source]

The gene encoding the MT1C receptor is located on a specific chromosome, distinct from those encoding MT1A and MT1B. The structure of the MTNR1C gene includes multiple exons and introns, which are characteristic of genes encoding GPCRs. The regulation of this gene's expression, as well as the factors influencing its activity, are areas of ongoing research.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

While the full clinical significance of MT1C is still under investigation, it is believed that variations in the MTNR1C gene may influence individual differences in sleep patterns, susceptibility to sleep disorders, and possibly responses to melatonin supplementation. Understanding the role of MT1C could lead to new approaches in treating sleep-related conditions and optimizing melatonin's therapeutic use.

Pharmacology[edit | edit source]

Selective agonists and antagonists for MT1C have the potential to provide insights into its physiological and pathological roles. These compounds could also offer new therapeutic options for disorders related to melatonin's regulatory functions. However, the development of such pharmacological agents is in the early stages, and their effects on the MT1C receptor specifically need further elucidation.