Merkel cell cancer

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer, which is regarded as highly lethal. It is also known as trabecular cancer of the skin. MCC is named after the German scientist Friedrich Sigmund Merkel who first described these cells in 1875.

Epidemiology

MCC is more common in older people and those with a weak immune system. It is also more common in people with light skin color and in men. The incidence of MCC has tripled from 0.15 per 100,000 in 1986 to 0.44 per 100,000 in 2001.

Symptoms

MCC usually appears as a fast-growing, painless nodule (bump) on your skin. The nodule may be skin-colored or may appear in shades of red, blue, or purple. Most often, it appears on the face, head, or neck.

Causes

The exact cause of MCC is unknown. However, it is believed that exposure to sunlight and a weak immune system may increase the risk of developing MCC. In 2008, a new polyomavirus (Merkel cell polyomavirus) was discovered that is clonally integrated into the MCC genome, suggesting this virus may play a role in causing MCC.

Diagnosis

MCC can be difficult to diagnose because it can look like many other types of cancer. A skin biopsy is usually needed to diagnose MCC. Other tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, may be done to see if the cancer has spread.

Treatment

Treatment for MCC usually involves surgery to remove the cancer. Radiation therapy may also be used. In some cases, chemotherapy may be used, especially if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Prognosis

The prognosis for MCC is generally poor, especially if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. However, early detection and treatment can improve the prognosis.

See also

• Skin cancer
• Carcinoma
• Polyomavirus

Merkel cell cancer Resources
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