Merlin (protein)

Merlin (also known as Moesin-Ezrin-Radixin-Like Protein or Neurofibromin 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NF2 gene. It is a member of the band 4.1 superfamily of proteins, which link the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane. Merlin is particularly important in nervous system cells, and mutations in the NF2 gene can lead to neurofibromatosis type II, a genetic condition characterized by the growth of noncancerous tumors in the nervous system.

Structure

Merlin is a 70-kDa protein that is composed of a FERM domain at the N-terminus, an alpha-helical domain in the middle, and a C-terminal domain. The FERM domain is responsible for the protein's interaction with the cell membrane, while the alpha-helical and C-terminal domains are involved in protein-protein interactions.

Function

Merlin plays a crucial role in several cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, cell adhesion, and cell migration. It acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the activity of certain proteins that promote cell division and survival. In the nervous system, Merlin helps to maintain the structure and function of Schwann cells, which produce the myelin sheath that insulates nerve fibers.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the NF2 gene can lead to neurofibromatosis type II. This condition is characterized by the growth of schwannomas, benign tumors that originate from Schwann cells, in the nervous system. Symptoms can include hearing loss, balance problems, and ringing in the ears (tinnitus). Treatment options for neurofibromatosis type II include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

File:Merlin protein structure.jpg

Structure of the Merlin protein. The FERM domain (blue) interacts with the cell membrane, while the alpha-helical (green) and C-terminal (red) domains are involved in protein-protein interactions.

See also

• Neurofibromatosis
• Tumor suppressor
• Schwann cell