Mesenteric panniculitis

Mesenteric Panniculitis is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the mesentery, which is the layer of tissue that connects the intestines to the abdominal wall. This condition is part of a spectrum of diseases known as sclerosing mesenteritis, which also includes mesenteric lipodystrophy and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Mesenteric panniculitis predominantly involves the inflammation and fibrosis of the mesenteric fat.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Mesenteric Panniculitis can vary widely among individuals, but commonly include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and unintentional weight loss. Due to its nonspecific symptoms, the condition is often discovered incidentally during imaging studies conducted for other reasons.

Causes

The exact cause of Mesenteric Panniculitis remains unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with autoimmune reactions, previous abdominal surgery, trauma, or infection. It has also been linked to certain autoimmune conditions and malignancies, suggesting an underlying immune-mediated mechanism.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Mesenteric Panniculitis is primarily based on imaging techniques such as CT scans or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). These imaging studies typically show a characteristic "misty mesentery" appearance, with increased density and nodularity of the mesenteric fat. A definitive diagnosis may require a biopsy to rule out malignancy and other conditions with similar imaging features.

Treatment

Treatment for Mesenteric Panniculitis is largely symptomatic and may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and other immunosuppressive medications to reduce inflammation. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove affected tissue or to address complications such as intestinal obstruction.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Mesenteric Panniculitis is generally favorable, with many cases resolving spontaneously or responding well to treatment. However, the condition can recur, and long-term monitoring may be necessary.

Epidemiology

Mesenteric Panniculitis is a rare condition, with a higher prevalence in males and typically diagnosed in middle-aged to elderly individuals. The exact incidence and prevalence of the disease are difficult to determine due to its often asymptomatic nature and incidental discovery.