Metastin

Metastin is a peptide hormone that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the human reproductive system. It is also known as kisspeptin due to its association with the KISS1 gene. Metastin is primarily involved in the onset of puberty and the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Structure and Function

Metastin is a 54-amino acid peptide hormone that is cleaved from a 145-amino acid precursor protein encoded by the KISS1 gene. The KISS1 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q32). The active form of metastin, known as kisspeptin-54, binds to the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54, also known as the kisspeptin receptor.

Upon binding to its receptor, metastin stimulates the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus. This, in turn, triggers the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which are essential for the onset of puberty and the regulation of reproductive function.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the KISS1 gene or its receptor can lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a condition characterized by delayed or absent puberty and infertility. Conversely, overexpression of the KISS1 gene has been associated with the progression of several types of cancer, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and melanoma. This is due to metastin's ability to inhibit tumor metastasis.

File:Kisspeptin.jpg

Metastin (kisspeptin) and its receptor

Research and Future Directions

Given its role in reproductive function and cancer progression, metastin is a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Several studies are currently underway to develop drugs that can modulate the activity of the KISS1/metastin system. These drugs could potentially be used to treat conditions such as infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and various types of cancer.

See Also

• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
• Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
• KISS1 gene
• Metastasis