Methitural

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Methitural is a barbiturate derivative that has been used as a sedative and hypnotic agent. It is known for its rapid onset of action and short duration of effect, making it suitable for use in anesthesia and as a pre-anesthetic medication.

Chemical Properties

Methitural is chemically classified as a thiobarbiturate, which means it contains a sulfur atom in place of the oxygen atom found in the barbiturate ring structure. This modification generally increases the lipid solubility of the compound, leading to a faster onset of action.

Pharmacology

Methitural acts on the central nervous system (CNS) by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA_A receptor. This results in increased inhibitory neurotransmission, leading to sedation and hypnosis. The drug is metabolized primarily in the liver and excreted via the kidneys.

Medical Uses

Methitural has been used in various medical settings, including:

• Induction of anesthesia
• Sedation for minor surgical procedures
• Pre-anesthetic medication to reduce anxiety and induce relaxation before surgery

Side Effects

Common side effects of methitural include:

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Respiratory depression

Contraindications

Methitural is contraindicated in patients with:

• Severe respiratory insufficiency
• Porphyria
• Hypersensitivity to barbiturates

History

Methitural was first synthesized in the early 20th century and was widely used in clinical practice until the development of newer anesthetic agents with improved safety profiles.

See Also

• Barbiturate
• Thiopental
• Anesthesia
• Sedative