Methyl nitrite

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Methyl nitrite

Methyl nitrite is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3ONO. It is a colorless, volatile liquid at room temperature and is often used as a reagent in organic synthesis. Methyl nitrite is a member of the class of compounds known as nitrites, which contain a nitro group, -NO2, attached to a carbon atom.

History

Methyl nitrite was first synthesized in the late 19th century by the chemist Auguste Laurent. He discovered that when methanol is reacted with nitrous acid, methyl nitrite is produced. This reaction is now known as the Laurent reaction.

Properties

Methyl nitrite is a colorless liquid that has a sweet, fruity odor. It is less dense than water and is highly volatile, meaning it easily evaporates into the air. It is also highly flammable and can explode if exposed to heat or flame.

Synthesis

Methyl nitrite can be synthesized by reacting methanol with nitrous acid. This reaction is typically carried out in an acidic environment, such as in the presence of sulfuric acid. The reaction produces methyl nitrite and water as byproducts.

Uses

Methyl nitrite is primarily used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is particularly useful in the synthesis of alkyl nitrites, which are used in a variety of industrial applications, including the production of plastics, rubber, and pharmaceuticals.

Safety

Exposure to methyl nitrite can cause a variety of health effects, including headache, dizziness, and nausea. In severe cases, it can cause methemoglobinemia, a condition in which the blood's ability to carry oxygen is reduced.

See also

• Nitrous acid
• Methanol
• Organic synthesis
• Alkyl nitrites