Mismatch repair cancer syndrome

Mismatch repair cancer syndrome (MMRCS) is a cancer syndrome associated with biallelic DNA mismatch repair mutations. It is also known as Turcot syndrome (after Jacques Turcot, who described the condition in 1959) and by several other names.

In MMRCS, neoplasia typically occurs in both the gut and the central nervous system (CNS). In the large intestine, multiple colonic polyps develop; in the CNS, brain tumors.

Genetics

Under the name constitutional mismatch repair-deficiency, (CMMR-D), it has been mapped to MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2. Monoallelic mutations of these genes are observed in the condition known as Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, while biallelic mutations are observed in CMMR-D. People expressing the HNPCC (which itself is considered autosomal dominant) trait are considered carriers of CMMR-D, thus CMMR-D is classified as autosomal recessive.

The term "childhood cancer syndrome" has also been proposed. Café-au-lait macules have been observed.

Diagnosis

Childhood to early adult onset HNPCC + malignant gliomas. The polyps developed tend to be larger, fewer, and progress to malignancy earlier than those seen in familial adenomatous polyposis, a clinically similar condition with different underlying mutations.

History

OMIM currently includes "Turcot syndrome" under Mismatch repair cancer syndrome. Turcot syndrome is the association between familial polyposis of the colon and brain tumors like medulloblastoma, malignant glioma. It was first reported by Canadian surgeon Jacques Turcot (1914-1977 ) et al. in 1959 and hence carries the first author's name.

See also

• Gardner syndrome is an association of hereditary intestinal polyps, osteomas (typically of the skull), papillary thyroid cancer, and desmoid tumors with association to familial adenomatous polyposis.

External links

Classification	OMIM: 276300 DiseasesDB: 29793
External resources	eMedicine: ped/828 Orphanet: 252202

• Turcot syndrome; CNS tumors with Familial polyposis of the colon at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases