Mitral valve disease

Mitral valve disease refers to a group of conditions that affect the mitral valve of the heart. The mitral valve is a dual-flap structure that regulates blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. Mitral valve disease can be categorized into two main types: mitral valve stenosis and mitral valve regurgitation.

Mitral Valve Stenosis

Mitral valve stenosis is a condition where the mitral valve becomes narrowed or obstructed, preventing the efficient flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations. The most common cause of mitral valve stenosis is rheumatic fever, a complication of untreated streptococcal infections.

Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Mitral valve regurgitation, also known as mitral insufficiency, is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations. Mitral valve regurgitation can be caused by a variety of factors, including mitral valve prolapse, endocarditis, and coronary artery disease.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of mitral valve disease typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and electrocardiogram.

Treatment

Treatment for mitral valve disease depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms experienced by the patient. Options may include medication, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, heart valve surgery.

See Also

• Heart disease
• Cardiology
• Cardiovascular surgery