Ischemic heart disease

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD), is a type of heart disease that is characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle, usually due to coronary artery blockage. This can lead to symptoms such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and other complications, including heart attack and heart failure.

Causes

The primary cause of ischemic heart disease is atherosclerosis, a condition in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. This plaque, made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood, can harden over time and narrow the arteries, reducing the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Other factors that can contribute to the development of ischemic heart disease include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and a family history of heart disease.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of ischemic heart disease is angina, a type of chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. Other symptoms can include shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and nausea. In some cases, ischemic heart disease may not cause any symptoms until a heart attack occurs.

Diagnosis

Ischemic heart disease is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. These tests can include an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, stress test, and coronary angiogram. Blood tests may also be used to measure levels of certain substances in the blood that can indicate heart damage.

Treatment

Treatment for ischemic heart disease typically involves lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, surgical procedures. Lifestyle changes can include quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and managing stress. Medications can include aspirin, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and statins. Surgical procedures can include angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Prognosis

The prognosis for ischemic heart disease can vary depending on the severity of the disease and the individual's overall health. With appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes, many people with ischemic heart disease can manage their symptoms and live a healthy life.

See also

• Heart disease
• Coronary artery disease
• Angina
• Heart attack
• Heart failure