Molybdenum deficiency

Overview

Molybdenum on the periodic table

Molybdenum deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder that occurs when there is an insufficient amount of molybdenum in the diet. Molybdenum is an essential trace element that is crucial for the function of certain enzymes in the human body. These enzymes are involved in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids and the detoxification of certain harmful compounds.

Causes

Molybdenum deficiency can occur due to inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption syndromes, or genetic disorders affecting molybdenum metabolism. It is more likely to occur in individuals receiving long-term parenteral nutrition without adequate molybdenum supplementation.

Symptoms

The symptoms of molybdenum deficiency can include:

• Neurological abnormalities such as seizures and developmental delays
• Increased heart rate and respiratory rate
• Night blindness
• Increased levels of sulfite and decreased levels of sulfate in the urine

Biochemical Role

Molybdenum is a cofactor for several important enzymes, including:

• Sulfite oxidase, which is involved in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids
• Xanthine oxidase, which plays a role in the breakdown of purines
• Aldehyde oxidase, which is involved in the metabolism of aldehydes

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of molybdenum deficiency is based on clinical symptoms, dietary history, and laboratory tests. Laboratory tests may show elevated levels of sulfite and decreased levels of sulfate in the urine. Genetic testing may be performed to identify mutations in genes related to molybdenum metabolism.

Treatment

Treatment of molybdenum deficiency involves dietary supplementation with molybdenum. This can be achieved through oral supplements or by adjusting the composition of parenteral nutrition solutions. Monitoring of molybdenum levels and clinical symptoms is important to ensure adequate treatment.

Prevention

Ensuring an adequate intake of molybdenum through a balanced diet is the primary method of preventing molybdenum deficiency. Foods rich in molybdenum include legumes, grains, and organ meats.

Related Pages

• Trace element
• Enzyme cofactor
• Parenteral nutrition
• Metabolism