Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), also known as Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS), is a serious health condition that primarily affects children and is believed to be linked to COVID-19.

Overview

MIS-C is a condition where different body parts can become inflamed, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, or gastrointestinal organs. The syndrome was first reported in April 2020, during the global COVID-19 pandemic. It is thought to be a post-infectious syndrome, meaning it arises following a primary infection, in this case, SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

Symptoms

Symptoms of MIS-C can vary, but they often include fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, neck pain, rash, bloodshot eyes, and feeling extra tired. These symptoms are similar to those of other inflammatory conditions, such as Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of MIS-C involves blood tests, chest x-ray, heart ultrasound (echocardiogram), and abdominal ultrasound. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has provided a case definition for MIS-C that includes a fever, laboratory evidence of inflammation, severe illness requiring hospitalization, multisystem organ involvement, and evidence of COVID-19.

Treatment

Treatment for MIS-C typically involves supportive care, as well as specific treatments to address inflammation. This can include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and other medications that reduce inflammation.

Prognosis

The prognosis for MIS-C is generally good, with most children recovering with appropriate medical care. However, in severe cases, MIS-C can lead to long-term health problems or even be life-threatening.

See also

• COVID-19 pandemic
• Kawasaki disease
• Toxic shock syndrome

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