Butane

Butan Lewis

Isobutane 1

Butane simple

I-Butane-2D-Skeletal

Spectrum of blue flame - intensity corrected

Butane is a hydrocarbon and a alkane with the chemical formula C4H10 that is an alkane with four carbon atoms. Butane is a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The term may refer to two isomers, n-butane or isobutane (also called "methylpropane"), or a mixture of these isomers. In the IUPAC nomenclature, however, "butane" refers only to the n-butane isomer; the other isomer is considered as methylpropane. Butane is a highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gas that quickly vaporizes at room temperature.

The primary use of butane is as a fuel. It is used as a fuel for cigarette lighters and portable stoves, and is also a component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) along with propane. Butane's ability to liquefy under moderate pressure makes it ideal for use in these applications. Additionally, butane is used in gasoline blending, as a refrigerant, and as a propellant in aerosol sprays.

Production

Butane is produced from both natural gas processing and petroleum refining. In natural gas processing, butane is separated from the gas stream, while in petroleum refining, it is isolated from the crude oil in a process called fractional distillation. The production of butane is closely linked to the production of oil and natural gas, and it fluctuates with the market demand for these resources.

Properties

Butane has a boiling point of -0.5 degrees Celsius (31.1 degrees Fahrenheit) and a melting point of -138.4 degrees Celsius (-217.1 degrees Fahrenheit). It is slightly soluble in water, but highly soluble in alcohol and ether. Butane exhibits both isomerism and flammability, making it an interesting subject for study in organic chemistry.

Safety

The use of butane can pose safety risks, including explosion and asphyxiation, if not handled properly. Butane is highly flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. Safe handling practices include ensuring adequate ventilation, avoiding ignition sources, and storing butane in approved containers. Butane's asphyxiant properties also pose a risk in enclosed spaces, where it can displace oxygen and lead to unconsciousness or death.

Environmental Impact

Butane, like other hydrocarbons, can contribute to air pollution and global warming when released into the atmosphere. It is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that can participate in photochemical smog formation. However, compared to other fossil fuels, butane is relatively clean-burning, producing fewer pollutants when properly combusted.