NDP

Neutrophil Deficiency Phenomenon
Micrograph of neutrophils in a blood smear
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Recurrent infections, fever, fatigue
Complications	Severe infections, organ damage
Onset	Variable
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic mutations, autoimmune disorders
Risks	N/A
Diagnosis	Blood tests, genetic testing
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antibiotics, immunotherapy, bone marrow transplant
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable
Frequency	N/A
Deaths	N/A

Neutrophil Deficiency Phenomenon (NDP) is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally low level of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell essential for fighting off infections. Neutrophils are a critical component of the innate immune system, and their deficiency can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.

Pathophysiology

Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream, where they play a key role in the body's defense against bacterial and fungal infections. In NDP, the production, function, or survival of neutrophils is impaired. This can be due to:

• Genetic mutations affecting neutrophil development (e.g., Congenital Neutropenia)
• Autoimmune destruction of neutrophils (e.g., Autoimmune Neutropenia)
• Bone marrow disorders (e.g., Aplastic Anemia)

Clinical Presentation

Patients with NDP often present with recurrent infections, particularly of the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. Common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Frequent infections
• Delayed wound healing

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of NDP involves:

• Complete blood count (CBC) to assess neutrophil levels
• Bone marrow biopsy to evaluate marrow function
• Genetic testing for known mutations associated with neutrophil disorders

Management

Management of NDP focuses on preventing and treating infections, and may include:

• Prophylactic antibiotics
• Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to stimulate neutrophil production
• Immunotherapy
• Bone marrow or stem cell transplantation in severe cases

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with NDP varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the neutrophil deficiency. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can improve outcomes.

Also see

• Neutropenia
• Leukopenia
• Immune system
• Hematopoiesis