Nair

Daniel Thomas-A Nair

King of Cochin

Members of a Nair brigade

Raja Ravi Varma, There Comes Papa (1893)

The Hindu Goddess Kali LACMA M.2011.5 (2 of 5)

Taravad

Nair is a Hindu caste predominantly found in the Indian state of Kerala and, in some parts of Tamil Nadu. Traditionally, Nairs have been warriors, administrators, and landlords in the Kingdom of Travancore and other princely states in Kerala. They have also played a significant role in the social, cultural, and political landscape of Kerala.

History

The origins of the Nair community are shrouded in myth and legend, with some historical accounts tracing their roots back to the ancient martial traditions of Kerala. Historically, Nairs served as soldiers, generals, and officials in the armies of the various kingdoms that existed in the region before the colonial era. They were also involved in the martial art of Kalaripayattu, which is considered one of the oldest fighting systems in existence.

Social Structure

The Nair society was traditionally matrilineal, a system in which family lineage and inheritance are traced through the female line. This system, known as Marumakkathayam, meant that women held significant power and property rights within the community. However, this system has largely been replaced by the patrilineal system due to legal reforms in the 20th century.

Nairs are divided into several sub-castes and clans, each with its own customs and traditions. Some of the well-known sub-castes include Kiryathil Nair, Menon, Nambiar, and Pillai. These sub-castes played a crucial role in the social hierarchy of Kerala, with each group having specific duties and responsibilities.

Culture

Nair culture is rich and diverse, with its own unique customs, rituals, and art forms. They have made significant contributions to the fields of literature, art, and Kathakali, a classical Indian dance form that originated in Kerala. Traditional Nair weddings and festivals are celebrated with much pomp and grandeur, showcasing the community's rich heritage.

Modern Times

In contemporary times, the Nair community has adapted to the changing socio-economic landscape of India. Many Nairs have excelled in various fields such as politics, literature, arts, and sciences. They continue to play a significant role in Kerala's social and cultural life, contributing to its development and progress.

Despite the changes over time, the Nair community maintains a strong sense of identity and pride in their heritage. They continue to celebrate their traditional festivals and rituals, preserving their rich cultural legacy for future generations.

Notable Personalities

Several notable personalities from the Nair community have made significant contributions to Indian society. These include leaders, scholars, artists, and scientists who have achieved national and international recognition for their work.

See Also

• Kerala
• Caste system in India
• Hinduism
• Kalaripayattu
• Marumakkathayam