Negative-strand RNA virus

Negative-strand RNA virus

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A diagram of a Negative-strand RNA virus

A Negative-strand RNA virus (also known as a -ssRNA virus) is a type of virus that uses negative sense, single-stranded RNA as its genetic material. These viruses are part of the Group V in the Baltimore classification system.

Structure and Classification

Negative-strand RNA viruses are characterized by their unique viral replication process, which involves the transcription of their negative-sense RNA genome into a positive-sense RNA. This process is carried out by a virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).

These viruses are classified into several families, including Orthomyxoviridae (which includes the Influenza virus), Paramyxoviridae (which includes Measles virus and Mumps virus), and Rhabdoviridae (which includes Rabies virus).

Replication Cycle

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Replication cycle of a Negative-strand RNA virus

The replication cycle of negative-strand RNA viruses begins with the virus binding to a specific receptor on the host cell surface. This is followed by the virus entering the cell, where it uncoats and releases its RNA genome. The RdRp then transcribes the negative-sense RNA into a positive-sense RNA, which serves as a template for the synthesis of viral proteins and the replication of the viral genome.

Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance

Negative-strand RNA viruses are responsible for a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. For example, the Influenza virus can cause influenza, a common respiratory illness, while the Measles virus can cause measles, a highly contagious disease characterized by a rash and fever.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of diseases caused by negative-strand RNA viruses primarily involves vaccination. For example, vaccines are available for influenza, measles, and mumps. Treatment typically involves supportive care, although antiviral drugs may be used in some cases.

See Also

• Positive-sense single-strand RNA virus
• Double-stranded RNA virus
• Viral replication