Nuclear receptor

Nuclear receptors are a class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules. In response, these receptors work with other proteins to regulate the expression of specific genes, thereby controlling the development, homeostasis, and metabolism of the organism.

Function[edit | edit source]

Nuclear receptors have the ability to directly bind to DNA and regulate the production of proteins encoded by specific genes. They are, therefore, classified as transcription factors. The regulation of gene expression by nuclear receptors generally involves the binding of the receptor to specific sequences of DNA, known as hormone response elements. Most of these receptors function as dimers, either as homodimers or heterodimers.

Classification[edit | edit source]

Nuclear receptors are classified into two main classes:

Type I receptors dimerize with retinoid X receptor (RXR), bind to DNA in the absence of ligand, and are located in the nucleus.
Type II receptors bind to DNA as monomers in the absence of ligand and are located in the cytosol. Upon ligand binding, they translocate into the nucleus.

Examples[edit | edit source]

Some examples of nuclear receptors include:

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Nuclear receptors play an essential role in human physiology, and hence, alterations in their function can lead to a wide array of pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, thyroid disease, and certain genetic disorders.

See also[edit | edit source]

Nuclear receptor Resources
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