Omphalotus

Omphalotus olearius2

2007-08-05 Omphalotus illudens (Schwein.) Bresinsky & Besl 1018098506

Omphalotus guepiniformis Berk Neda 02

Omphalotus mexicanus 183620

Omphalotus nidiformis (Berk.) O.K. Mill 41988

Omphalotus olearius Mallorca

Omphalotus is a genus of fungi known for its bioluminescent properties. The members of this genus are commonly referred to as "jack-o'-lantern mushrooms" due to their glowing appearance in the dark. These mushrooms are found in various parts of the world, including North America, Asia, and Australia, growing on wood, which classifies them as saprotrophic. Despite their attractive appearance, it is important to note that Omphalotus species are toxic and should not be consumed.

Description

Omphalotus mushrooms have gills that emit a greenish light in the dark, a phenomenon known as bioluminescence. This characteristic is thought to attract insects that help in spore dispersal. The mushrooms typically have a cap that is orange to yellow in color, and the gills are often decurrent, running down the stem. The fruit bodies of these fungi appear in summer and fall, growing in clusters on dead or dying wood.

Toxicity

All species within the Omphalotus genus are poisonous and can cause severe gastrointestinal distress if ingested. Symptoms of Omphalotus poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. There is a particular risk of confusion with edible chanterelles due to their similar coloration; however, chanterelles can be distinguished by their lack of bioluminescence, among other features.

Species

Several species belong to the Omphalotus genus, including:

• Omphalotus olearius – the eastern jack-o'-lantern mushroom, found in Europe and North America.
• Omphalotus illudens – often also referred to as the jack-o'-lantern mushroom, predominantly found in North America.
• Omphalotus nidiformis – known as the ghost fungus, native to Australia and parts of Asia.
• Omphalotus japonicus – found in Asia, particularly Japan, known for its strong bioluminescence.

Ecology

Omphalotus species are saprotrophic, feeding on dead or decaying wood. They play a role in the ecosystem by breaking down lignin and cellulose, contributing to the nutrient cycle. The bioluminescence of these fungi is still a subject of research, with theories suggesting it may deter predators or attract spore-dispersing agents.

Conservation

While not considered endangered, the habitat of Omphalotus species can be threatened by deforestation and urban development. Conservation efforts are important to maintain the natural environments where these and other fungi thrive.

See also

• Bioluminescence
• Mycology
• Poisonous fungi

	gills on hymenium
	lacks a stipe
	ecology is saprotrophic
	edibility: poisonous