Organotins

Organotins are a class of chemical compounds that contain at least one bond between carbon and tin. They are used in a variety of applications, including as stabilizers in PVC plastics, as biocides in antifouling paints, and as catalysts in the production of polyurethane foams.

History

Organotins were first synthesized in the 19th century, but their commercial use did not begin until the 20th century. The first major application of organotins was as stabilizers in PVC plastics in the 1930s. In the 1960s, they began to be used as biocides in antifouling paints for ships. This use has since been largely phased out due to environmental concerns.

Structure and properties

Organotins are characterized by a tin atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms. The tin atom can also be bonded to other elements, such as oxygen, sulfur, or halogens. The properties of organotins can vary widely depending on the specific compounds involved. Some are solid at room temperature, while others are liquid. Some are highly reactive, while others are relatively stable.

Uses

Organotins have a wide range of uses. They are used as stabilizers in PVC plastics to prevent degradation from heat and light. They are also used as biocides in antifouling paints to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls. In addition, they are used as catalysts in the production of polyurethane foams. Other uses include the production of silicones, the manufacture of glass, and the production of certain types of rubber.

Health and environmental effects

Organotins are toxic to a variety of organisms, including humans. Exposure can lead to a range of health effects, including neurological damage, immune system suppression, and reproductive harm. Organotins are also harmful to the environment, particularly aquatic ecosystems. They can bioaccumulate in marine organisms, leading to high levels in top predators and potential harm to humans who consume these organisms.

Regulation

Due to their toxicity and environmental impact, the use of organotins is regulated in many countries. In particular, their use in antifouling paints has been largely phased out due to a ban by the International Maritime Organization.

Organotins Resources
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