Otomycosis

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Otomycosis

Otomycosis, also known as fungal otitis externa, is a fungal infection of the external auditory canal. It is a common condition in tropical and subtropical regions, where the warm and humid climate provides an ideal environment for fungal growth. This condition is characterized by itching, discomfort, and sometimes pain in the ear, along with discharge and hearing loss.

Etiology[edit | edit source]

Otomycosis is primarily caused by fungi, with the most common pathogens being species of the genera Aspergillus and Candida. Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus are frequently isolated in cases of otomycosis. Other fungi such as Penicillium, Mucor, and Rhizopus can also be involved.

Risk Factors[edit | edit source]

Several factors can predispose individuals to otomycosis, including:

Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

Patients with otomycosis typically present with:

  • Itching: A common and often severe symptom.
  • Ear discharge: This may be white, yellow, or black, depending on the fungal species.
  • Ear pain: Varies in intensity.
  • Hearing loss: Due to blockage of the ear canal by fungal debris.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of otomycosis is primarily clinical, based on the history and physical examination. Otoscopic examination reveals fungal elements, such as hyphae or spores, in the ear canal. Microscopic examination and culture of ear discharge can confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific fungal species involved.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

The mainstay of treatment for otomycosis involves:

In some cases, oral antifungal medications may be necessary, especially if the infection is extensive or recurrent.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Preventive measures include:

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for otomycosis is generally good. However, recurrence is possible, especially if predisposing factors are not addressed.

Also see[edit | edit source]





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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD