Oxyphil cell (pathology)

Oxyphil cell is a type of cell found in certain glands of the body, most notably the parathyroid gland and the thyroid gland. These cells are characterized by their large size and the abundance of mitochondria in their cytoplasm, which gives them a distinctive, granular appearance. In the context of pathology, the presence of oxyphil cells can be indicative of certain diseases, such as hyperparathyroidism and thyroid cancer.

Characteristics

Oxyphil cells are larger than the typical cells found in the parathyroid and thyroid glands. They are characterized by their abundant, granular cytoplasm, which is due to the high number of mitochondria they contain. These cells also have a small, dense nucleus and are often found in clusters.

Function

The exact function of oxyphil cells is not fully understood. However, it is believed that they may play a role in the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is crucial for maintaining calcium homeostasis in the body.

Pathology

In the context of pathology, the presence of oxyphil cells can be indicative of certain diseases. For example, an increase in the number of these cells is often seen in cases of hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by an overproduction of PTH. Oxyphil cells are also found in certain types of thyroid cancer, such as Hurthle cell carcinoma.

See also

• Parathyroid gland
• Thyroid gland
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Thyroid cancer