Pparg coactivator 1 alpha

Pparg coactivator 1 alpha (also known as PGC-1α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. It is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. This protein interacts with the nuclear receptor PPAR-gamma, which permits the interaction of this protein with multiple transcription factors. This protein can interact with, and regulate the activities of, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). It provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor that regulates muscle fiber type determination. This protein may be also involved in controlling blood pressure, regulating cellular cholesterol homoeostasis, and the development of obesity.

Function

PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. It is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. It works as a coactivator for PPARγ, which plays a role in the development of adipose tissue, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the PPARGC1A gene have been associated with type 2 diabetes and exercise-induced oxidative stress. It has also been associated with the susceptibility to young onset hypertension and obesity in some populations.

See also

• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
• Transcription factor