Pai syndrome

A rare genetic disorder

Pai syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a combination of midline facial defects, polydactyly, and lipomas. It is a genetic condition that is typically present at birth and can affect various parts of the body, primarily the face and limbs.

Presentation

A child with cleft lip and palate, a feature sometimes associated with Pai syndrome.

The primary features of Pai syndrome include:

• Midline facial defects: These can include cleft lip and cleft palate, which are openings or splits in the upper lip and roof of the mouth, respectively. These defects occur when the facial structures do not fuse properly during fetal development.

• Polydactyly: This refers to the presence of extra fingers or toes. In Pai syndrome, polydactyly is often seen in the hands and feet.

• Lipomas: These are benign tumors composed of fatty tissue. In Pai syndrome, lipomas are typically found in the midline of the body, such as the scalp or back.

Genetics

Pai syndrome is believed to have a genetic basis, although the exact genetic mutation responsible for the condition has not been definitively identified. It is thought to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that only one copy of the altered gene is sufficient to cause the disorder.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Pai syndrome is primarily based on clinical examination and the identification of characteristic features. Genetic testing may be used to rule out other conditions with similar presentations.

Management

Management of Pai syndrome is typically supportive and symptomatic. Surgical intervention may be required to correct cleft lip and palate, and to remove lipomas if they cause discomfort or functional impairment. Polydactyly may also be surgically corrected if necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Pai syndrome varies depending on the severity of the symptoms and the presence of any associated complications. With appropriate medical care and surgical interventions, many individuals can lead normal lives.

Related pages

• Cleft lip and palate
• Polydactyly
• Lipoma